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President-elect Donald Trump’s first threatened tariffs since the election are designed to extract concessions on drug trafficking and illegal border crossings, which means it may be possible for the countries targeted – Canada, Mexico and China – to head …
26th November 2024
We discussed the global impact of higher tariffs in a Drop-In on Tuesday, 26th November. Click here to watch the 20-minute online briefing. In this Focus, we construct a framework to explore the channels through which an import tariff works, which we use …
25th November 2024
Egypt’s policy agenda shifts to long term reforms With Egypt’s macroeconomic stability restored, officials are starting to turn their attention to longer term reforms and number one on the list appears to be reinvigorating the stalled privatisation drive. …
21st November 2024
Morocco’s weaker economic performance this year is likely to be a blip. Buoyed by low and stable inflation, looser monetary policy, and a burgeoning manufacturing sector, we expect Morocco’s economy to grow by around 5% in 2025 and 2026, which is faster …
Stronger inflation rules out rate cut before end-24 The third successive rise in Egypt’s headline inflation rate has all but quashed hopes that the central bank will cut interest rates before the end of this year. But, as we have long argued, a sharp …
14th November 2024
An oil market that has mostly looked through a year of Middle East conflict now faces fresh, Trump-shaped, uncertainty. The president-elect’s campaign pledges on everything from Iran and Israel to climate policy to household energy bills appear to raise …
Inflation rises at fastest pace in over a year This response has been updated with additional analysis since first published Saudi Arabia’s headline inflation rate accelerated from 1.7% y/y in September to 1.9% y/y in October, a fourth consecutive rise …
It seems likely that the US will step up sanctions enforcement on Iran’s oil trade, though the oil market should be able to absorb this. The much greater risk for oil prices is a more dramatic shift in the pro-Israel/anti-Iran stance that broadens the …
12th November 2024
The victory for Donald Trump in the US election will have major ramifications for the Middle East. (You can read all of our US election coverage here .) For the most part, the Middle East should be shielded from any direct impact if Trump pushes ahead …
7th November 2024
A positive start to Q4 for the Gulf This response has been updated with additional analysis since first publication. October’s batch of PMIs showed an increase across all of the Gulf economies, although there remained underlying signs that non-oil …
5th November 2024
The US election next week is likely to have major ramifications for geopolitical ties, trade, and financial markets in the MENA region. (All our analysis on the impact of the US election on EMs can be found on our dedicated webpage here .) Attention in …
31st October 2024
Pace of expansion starts to soften The 0.8% q/q rise in Saudi GDP in Q3 is likely to be followed by further steady increases, but growth will be driven increasingly by higher oil output while there are signs that the non-oil sector is cooling off. The …
Headline GDP growth in the Gulf economies will strengthen in 2025 as oil output cuts are unwound. But lower oil prices will prompt a turn to fiscal consolidation in most of the Gulf, causing growth in non-oil sectors to slow. Elsewhere, balance sheets in …
30th October 2024
Al-Sisi demands review with IMF Comments from Egypt’s President al-Sisi over the past week pushing back against the pace of reforms under the current IMF deal has alarmed investors a little, but the bigger picture is that Egypt’s economy is in a far …
24th October 2024
A victory for Donald Trump in the US election would probably result in higher US Treasury yields and a stronger dollar. That’s an environment in which central banks in EMs with strained balance sheets (notably Turkey) could hike rates and others that are …
Saudi Arabia’s economy is making a steady recovery as solid growth in the non-oil sector offsets low oil production. Growth will continue to pick up over the coming quarters, but the drivers will change. Oil output is set to rise, potentially sharply, …
The boom in bank lending in Qatar in the 2010s has unwound so far in a relatively orderly manner. Banks are well capitalised and are able to absorb a far greater rise in non-performing loans than we have seen. Still, there are lingering vulnerabilities …
22nd October 2024
BRICS+ to meet with a notable absentee Next week’s BRICS+ summit in Russia is likely to focus on the group’s further expansion after Egypt and the UAE (along with several other countries) joined last year. Notably, however, Saudi Arabia – which was also …
17th October 2024
Several EMs have reached provisional agreements with creditors to restructure their sovereign debts in recent months, including Zambia, Ukraine, Sri Lanka and Ghana. In principle, restructurings should pave the way for improved fiscal positions, stronger …
We held an online Drop-In session last week to discuss progress on Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 reform programme and the implications for the Kingdom’s economic outlook. (An on-demand recording is available here and an in-depth Focus here .) This Update …
15th October 2024
Inflation edges higher This response has been updated with additional analysis. Saudi Arabia’s headline inflation rate rose a touch from 1.6% y/y in August to 1.7% y/y in September, a third consecutive increase and the fastest pace of inflation since …
Although the focus in the oil market has shifted to geopolitical risks and potential short-term supply disruptions, just as importantly, we think the possibility that Saudi Arabia could open the floodgates has increased in recent weeks alongside reports …
14th October 2024
Saied’s second term could prove a messy one In a no shock result, Kais Saied secured a second term as Tunisia’s president by a landslide. His first five years in power were typified by a shift back to autocracy and shunning necessary reforms. The next …
10th October 2024
Inflation ticks up again, CBE to wait until Q1 ’25 before first rate cut The second consecutive rise in Egypt’s headline inflation rate, to 26.4% y/y in September, on the back of electricity and fuel price hikes further reduces the chances of a first …
9th October 2024
Saudi Arabia’s 2025 Pre-Budget statement provided the first clear signs that officials are accepting that they need to pare back on some of their ambitious spending goals, which supports our view that non-oil GDP growth is likely to slow over the next few …
8th October 2024
Global headlines this week have been dominated by the escalating conflict in the Middle East and attention is now focussed on Israel and the scale and nature of its response to Iran’s retaliatory attack on Tuesday. From a macro perspective, the key risk …
3rd October 2024
Until the geopolitical situation in the Middle East deescalates, oil prices will clearly remain at risk of spiking higher. But against a backdrop of faltering demand and greater supply in the wider oil market, the risks to oil prices over the next year …
2nd October 2024
30th September 2024
The strike by Israel in Lebanon that killed Hezbollah’s leader represents a major escalation of hostilities in the Middle East and all eyes are now on the next actions by Israel and Iran. On its own, this escalation would point to higher oil prices and …
Is Saudi set to reverse its oil policy? Reports have emerged that officials in Saudi Arabia are set to change tack and raise oil output to recapture lost market share, rather than try to prop up prices. Higher oil output will, mechanically, result in …
26th September 2024
Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 reform programme has resulted in major societal and cultural changes, but many of the economic reforms are currently not on track to hit their targets. That is not to say Vision 2030 should be dubbed a failure. But officials …
23rd September 2024
PIF investment in Egypt: the first of many? Saudi Arabia’s Public Investment Fund (PIF) has pledged to invest $5bn into Egypt in a further sign that March’s policy shift is attracting international attention. At the same time, this will help to put …
19th September 2024
Overview – Headline GDP growth in the Gulf economies will strengthen sharply in 2025 as oil output cuts are unwound. But lower oil prices will prompt a turn to fiscal consolidation in most of the Gulf, causing growth in non-oil sectors to slow. Elsewhere, …
The US Federal Reserve looks certain to start its loosening cycle this evening and, by virtue of their dollar pegs and open capital accounts, central banks across the Gulf will follow suit. Lower interest rates may provide relief to firms and households …
18th September 2024
OPEC+ roll over doesn’t stop the oil price slide After we published our last Weekly , OPEC+ released a statement confirming that the group would roll over current oil production cuts until 1 st December. It also included previous phrasing that it has the …
12th September 2024
The Fed’s upcoming monetary easing cycle will probably provide less of a tailwind to EMs than is widely thought. While it’s likely to give some central banks (such as in the Gulf, Mexico and Indonesia) a green light to lower interest rates, EM rate …
Saudi Arabia has cut oil output aggressively in the past two years but this has failed to prevent a slide in the Kingdom’s oil revenues. Officials are facing a tough choice over what to do next and, for now, we think that they will follow through with …
11th September 2024
Inflation picks up, CBE will wait until 2025 before cutting rates Egypt’s headline inflation strengthened from 25.7% y/y in July to 26.2% y/y in August, breaking a five month streak of decelerating inflation, after electricity and fuel price hikes. We …
10th September 2024
Is OPEC+ backing itself into a corner again? The price of oil has slumped even further this week and is now not far off its lowest level in three years. With a potential end to the Libya crisis in sight and our expectation of global oil demand to stay …
5th September 2024
Attention in Egypt is turning to the timing of the first interest rate cut. The lessons from the start of the last easing cycle in 2018 suggest that this is likely to begin in April, which is a little later than most expect. But the more important point …
3rd September 2024
Slowly but surely, Egypt’s economy is recovering This PMI response has been updated with additional analysis of the UAE's survey published on 4th September. August’s batch of PMIs showed a more positive outturn for the Gulf’s private non-oil sectors, but …
Libya’s oil shutdown could influence OPEC+ The oil market was rocked by two political shocks in the past week: an exchange of missiles between Israel and Hezbollah and a crisis in Libya, which led to cuts to its oil output. At the margin, the loss of …
29th August 2024
Growth in the Gulf economies is likely to pick up in the coming quarters, particularly as oil output starts to rise from October. The outlook will become more challenging from 2025 as oil prices fall back and it becomes more difficult to sustain loose …
28th August 2024
Ceasefire seems a long way off Despite the US government’s efforts to push for a ceasefire agreement between Israel and Hamas this week, a deal seems some way off. The economic spillovers from the war in Gaza have been largest for the economies of Egypt, …
22nd August 2024
The rapid expansion of commercial bank lending in Saudi Arabia has raised the risk of an increase in non-performing loans and heightened the exposure of the banking sector to both the real estate market and global risk appetite. But, Saudi banks are …
20th August 2024
The global macroeconomic risks surrounding a possible ceasefire deal between Israel and Hamas are asymmetric. An agreement – while having significant economic consequences for countries in the region – would probably not itself be a game-changer for …
19th August 2024
Kuwait’s tax overhaul falls a little short… Governments in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia have both stepped up reform efforts over the past week. Kuwait’s reforms are focused on the public finances, and diversifying revenues away from oil. Reports suggest that …
15th August 2024
Inflation likely to ease as 2025 approaches Saudi Arabia’s headline inflation rate was unchanged at 1.5% y/y in July, but we expect that the headline rate will ease back over the remainder of this year and potentially fall back below 1% y/y by early 2025. …
Jordan’s economy has been among the hardest hit from the indirect spillovers of the war in Gaza. While severe balance of payments of strains are likely to be avoided, GDP growth will suffer as the key tourism sector has taken the brunt of the impact. And …
14th August 2024
Signs of a thaw in frosty relations between India and China don’t point to a fundamental realignment in India’s position in a fracturing global economy. But they highlight a growing theme of some EMs tactically courting investment from China to put …
13th August 2024
